Category: quinuclidines

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 13139-15-6, Name is Boc-L-Leucine, molecular formula is , belongs to quinuclidines compound. In a document, author is Kobayashi, S, HPLC of Formula: C11H21NO4.

Comparison of in vitro selectivity profiles of solifenacin succinate (YM905) and current antimuscarinic drugs in bladder and salivary glands: a Ca2+ mobilization study in monkey cells

We investigated the effects of the new muscarinic receptor antagonist solifenacin succinate [YM905; (+)(IS,3′ R)-quinuclidin-3′ -yl 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carboxylate monosuccinate] and the current antimuscarinic drugs for the treatment of overactive bladder (oxybutynin, tolterodine and darifenacin) on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in response to M-3 muscarinic receptor activation in bladder smooth muscle and submandibular gland cells isolated from Cynomolgus monkeys. Solifenacin concentration-dependently inhibited carbachol-induced Ca2+ mobilization, with affinity constant values (pKi) of 8.5+/-0.053 in bladder smooth muscle cells and 8.2+/-0.051 in submandibular gland cells (n=5). The pKi value of solifenacin was almost equivalent to the values of oxybutynin, tolterodine and darifenacin in bladder smooth muscle cells (8.7, 8.5 and 8.4, respectively), while being lower than those in submandibular gland cells (9.0, 8.7 and 8.8, respectively). The bladder-selectivity index (Ki ratio: submandibular gland/bladder) for solifenacin (2.1) was statistically higher, moreover, than those for oxybutynin, tolterodine and darifenacin (0.51, 0.65 and 0.46, respectively). These findings consequently indicate solifenacin’s unique profile in terms of its selectivity for bladder smooth muscle cells over salivary gland cells in non-human primates, relative to oxybutynin, tolterodine and darifenacin. Solifenacin may, therefore, confer a promising therapeutic advantage for reducing adverse effects, such as dry mouth, exhibited by current antimuscarinic therapy for overactive bladder. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Electric Literature of 2425-77-6, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 2425-77-6, Name is 2-Hexyl-1-decanol, SMILES is CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCC)CO, belongs to quinuclidines compound. In a article, author is Boskovic, Perica, introduce new discover of the category.

The Aggregation Behavior and Antioxidative Activity of Amphiphilic Surfactants Based on Quinuclidin-3-ol

The self-aggregation and thermodynamic properties of three cationic quaternary ammonium surfactants were investigated. The physicochemical properties of compounds containing quinuclidin-3-ol with even number of carbon atoms (10, 12, and 14) in the hydrophobic tail were measured by conductivity, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta-potential measurements. DLS and Zeta-potential measurements show a similar size distribution for all surfactants with excellent uniformity, and Zeta-potential increases significantly with increase in the size of hydrocarbon tail. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of micelle ionization (beta) were determined using conductivity measurements. The CMC values of surfactants were found to be between 3.4 and 23.8 x 10(-3) M. The standard Gibbs free energy (Delta Gmico) was derived from conductivity measurements and suggests that surfactants containing longer chains spontaneously form micelles. The antioxidative properties of these cationic surfactants were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Among the tested samples, N-tetradecyl-3-hydroxyquinuclidinium bromide (QOH-C14) exhibited the highest antioxidative potential (388.30 nmol (TE) equivalents mL(-1)), which was further investigated by the DNA nicking assay.

Electric Literature of 2425-77-6, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 2425-77-6.

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Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 141627-42-1, Name is (2-Butyl-5-nitrobenzofuran-3-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone, SMILES is O=C(C1=C(CCCC)OC2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C12)C3=CC=C(OC)C=C3, in an article , author is Ugawa, T, once mentioned of 141627-42-1, HPLC of Formula: C20H19NO5.

Experimental model of escape phenomenon in hamsters and the effectiveness of YM-53601 in the model

1 The aim of this study was to establish an experimental model of the escape phenomenon, in which plasma cholesterol, initially reduced by a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor such as pravastatin, increases again on long-term administration. We also evaluated the efficacy of YM-53601 ((E)-2-[2-fluoro-2- (quinuclidin-3-ylidene) ethoxy]-9H-carbazole monohydrochloride), a squalene synthase inhibitor, in this model. 2 Pravastatin inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis in hamster primary hepatocytes (IC50, 14 nM). After pre-treatment with pravastatin, in contrast, almost no effect on cholesterol biosynthesis was seen. 3 In hamsters fed a high fat diet, 3 mg kg(-1) pravastatin for 9 days decreased plasma non-HDL cholesterol (total cholesterol-high density lipoprotein cholesterol) (P<0.01), but this effect was lost between 17 and 27 days of treatment, accompanied by an increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity. No such increase in plasma non-HDL cholesterol was seen with YM-53601 at 30 mg kg(-1) after 9 (P<0.001), 17 (P<0.01) or 27 (P<0.001) days of treatment. Replacement of pravastatin with YM-53601 caused a decrease in plasma non-HDL cholesterol by 53% (P<0.001) and in HMG-CoA reductase activity. 4 This animal model thus satisfactorily replicates the escape phenomenon observed in humans and may therefore be useful in evaluation of lipid-lowering agents, specifically comparison of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Further, YM-53601 may be useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia without induction of the escape phenomenon. Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 141627-42-1, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. HPLC of Formula: C20H19NO5.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 5324-84-5, Name is Sodium octane-1-sulfonate, SMILES is CCCCCCCCS(=O)([O-])=O.[Na+], in an article , author is Tudosie, Mihail S., once mentioned of 5324-84-5, Application In Synthesis of Sodium octane-1-sulfonate.

New synthesized oximes active in nerve agents’ hazards

Object: The aim of the study is to select the most active new imidazolium-quinuclidinumoxime, from some similar chemical compounds synthesized in our chemistry department, with sufficient efficacy to decrease the acute toxicity of neurotoxic organophosphates known as nerve agents. Method: The experimental study consist in vivo testing the antidotal efficacy of obidoxime and of selected imidazolium oximes synthesized in our chemistry department. Each oxime was included, by equimolar replacing the obidoxime, in an antidotal formula, which also contains atropine. The above mentioned formula containing atropine and obidoxime was used as reference. The protective ratio, defined as the ratio between the lethal median dose of the poisoned and treated study group and the median lethal dose (LD50) of the poisoned and untreated study groups was one of the used parameters in order to select a new active chemical structure in counteracting the neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds acute toxicity. Another studied parameter was the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase value measured in whole blood 24 hours after exposure. Results: The protective ratio against an organophosphorus compound were the follow: obidoxime chloride: 2; 1,3dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl-imidazolyliodide: 1,75;3-oxime-[3-(2-hidroxyimino-methyl-1-imidazolyl-)-2oxapropyl] quinuclidin-dichl-oride: 2,5; 1-methyl-quinuclidin-3-iodide: 1,5. The erythrocyte acetycholinesterase main values were the following: the unpoisoned and untreated study group: 3,45 +/- 0,13mmol/dl; the poisoned and untreated study group: 0,89 +/- 0,09 mmol/dl; the poisoned and 3oxime-[3-(2-hidroxyimino-methyl-1-imidazolyl-)-2oxapropyl]quinuclidindichloride treated study group: 2,89 +/- 0,11 mmol/dl; the poisoned and obidoxime treated study group: 2,53 +/- 0,15 mmol/dl. Conclusions: 3-oxime-[3-(2-hidroxyimino-methyl-1-imidazolyl-)-2oxapropyl] quinuclidindichloride synthesized in our chemistry department, has shown a better protective ratio and a more prolonged surviving time than the reference (obidoxime). It has shown the best AChE reactivation of all the synthetized compounds. This compound can be a cheap and good option for replacing obidoxime in the antidotal formula active in nerve agent exposure.

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Reference of 584-02-1, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 584-02-1, Name is 3-Pentanol, SMILES is CCC(O)CC, belongs to quinuclidines compound. In a article, author is Zhou, Rong, introduce new discover of the category.

Visible-Light-Mediated Metal-Free Hydrosilylation of Alkenes through Selective Hydrogen Atom Transfer for Si-H Activation

Although there has been significant progress in the development of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrosilylations of alkenes over the past several decades, metal-free hydrosilylation is still rare and highly desirable. Herein, we report a convenient visible-light-driven metal-free hydrosilylation of both electron-deficient and electron-rich alkenes that proceeds through selective hydrogen atom transfer for Si-H activation. The synergistic combination of the organophotoredox catalyst 4CzIPN with quinuclidin-3-yl acetate enabled the hydrosilylation of electron-deficient alkenes by selective Si-H activation while the hydrosilylation of electron-rich alkenes was achieved by merging photoredox and polarity-reversal catalysis.

Reference of 584-02-1, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 584-02-1.

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Synthetic Route of 611-10-9, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 611-10-9, Name is Ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate, SMILES is C(OC(C1C(CCC1)=O)=O)C, belongs to quinuclidines compound. In a article, author is Klimova, EI, introduce new discover of the category.

Stereospecific formation of polycyclic ferrocenyldihydropyrazoles based on Z- and E-isomeric ferrocenyl- substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones of the heterocyclic series

The reactions of E- and Z-isomeric 2-(ferrocenylmethylidene)quinuclidin-3-one, 1-methyl-3-(ferrocenylmethylidene)piperidin-4-one, and 2-(ferrocenylmethylidene)tropinone with hydrazine proceed stereospecifically to form the same diastereomeric polycyclic ferrocenyldihydropyrazoles regardless of the geometrical configuration of the starting alpha,beta -unsaturated ketones. The structure of the trans-diastereomer of 4-acetyl-3-ferrocenyl-1,4,5-triazatricyclo[5.2.2.0(2,6)]undec-5-ene was established by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Synthetic Route of 611-10-9, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 611-10-9.

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In an article, author is Odzak, R, once mentioned the application of 6413-10-1, Name is Ethyl 2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)acetate, molecular formula is C8H14O4, molecular weight is 174.19, MDL number is MFCD00152488, category is quinuclidines. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Category: quinuclidines.

3-Amidoquinuclidine derivatives: Synthesis of compounds and inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase

The synthesis of racemic and enantiomerically pure 3-butanamidoquinuclidines ((+/-)-Bu, (R)-Bu and (S)-Bu), (1-3) and 3-benzamidoquinuclidines ((+/-)-Bz, (R)-Bz, and (S)-Bz), (4-6) is described. The N-quaternary derivatives, N-benzyl-3-butatiamidoquinuclidinium bromides ((+/-)-Bn1Bu, (R)-Bn1Bu and (S)-Bn1Bu), (7-9) and N-betizyl-3-beiizaimidoquinuclidiniuim bromides ((+/-)-Bn1Bz, (R)-Bn1Bz and (S)-Bn1Bz), (10-12) were subsequently synthesized. The interaction of the four enantiomerically pure quaternary derivatives with horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was tested. All tested Compounds inhibited the enzyme. The best inhibitior of the enzyme was (S)-Bn1Bz with a K-i = 3.7 mu M. The inhibitor potency decreases in order (S)-Bn1Bz > (R)-Bn1Bz > (R)-Bn1Bu > (S)Bn1Bu. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. Formula: C10H14O, 116-26-7, Name is 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienecarbaldehyde, SMILES is O=CC1=C(C)C=CCC1(C)C, in an article , author is Radl, S, once mentioned of 116-26-7.

Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of some 3-chlorophenyl- and 6-chloropyridin-2-yl derivatives

Derivatives of 2-chloro-6-(4-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)pyridine (2b) were prepared and tested as analgesics. 2-Chloro-6-lithiopyridine treated with quinuclidin-3-one, 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-one, 2-(dimethylaminomethyl) cyclohexanone, and ethyl 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylcarboxylate provided the corresponding alcohols 5, 6, 13a, and 6-chloro-2-pyridyl 1l-methylpiperidin-4-yl ketone (9). The ketone was reduced with sodium borohydride or treated with methylmagnesium chloride or phenyllithium to provide the corresponding alcohols 11, 12a and 12b, respectively. 1-[4-(6-Chloro-2-pyridyl)1-methyrpiperidin-4-yl]1-methylethanol (4b) was prepared from 2-chloro-6-(1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)pyridine (14b) by treatment with butyllithium and acetone followed by reduction of intermediate 15b with sodium cyanoborohydride.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 116-26-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C10H14O.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 6089-09-4, Name is 4-Pentynoic acid, SMILES is OC(=O)CCC#C, in an article , author is Ugawa, T, once mentioned of 6089-09-4, COA of Formula: C5H6O2.

Experimental model of escape phenomenon in hamsters and the effectiveness of YM-53601 in the model

1 The aim of this study was to establish an experimental model of the escape phenomenon, in which plasma cholesterol, initially reduced by a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor such as pravastatin, increases again on long-term administration. We also evaluated the efficacy of YM-53601 ((E)-2-[2-fluoro-2- (quinuclidin-3-ylidene) ethoxy]-9H-carbazole monohydrochloride), a squalene synthase inhibitor, in this model. 2 Pravastatin inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis in hamster primary hepatocytes (IC50, 14 nM). After pre-treatment with pravastatin, in contrast, almost no effect on cholesterol biosynthesis was seen. 3 In hamsters fed a high fat diet, 3 mg kg(-1) pravastatin for 9 days decreased plasma non-HDL cholesterol (total cholesterol-high density lipoprotein cholesterol) (P<0.01), but this effect was lost between 17 and 27 days of treatment, accompanied by an increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity. No such increase in plasma non-HDL cholesterol was seen with YM-53601 at 30 mg kg(-1) after 9 (P<0.001), 17 (P<0.01) or 27 (P<0.001) days of treatment. Replacement of pravastatin with YM-53601 caused a decrease in plasma non-HDL cholesterol by 53% (P<0.001) and in HMG-CoA reductase activity. 4 This animal model thus satisfactorily replicates the escape phenomenon observed in humans and may therefore be useful in evaluation of lipid-lowering agents, specifically comparison of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Further, YM-53601 may be useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia without induction of the escape phenomenon. Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 6089-09-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. COA of Formula: C5H6O2.

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Quinuclidine – Wikipedia,
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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 6089-09-4, Name is 4-Pentynoic acid, SMILES is OC(=O)CCC#C, in an article , author is Navratil, O, once mentioned of 6089-09-4, Recommanded Product: 6089-09-4.

Competitive extraction of some bases by carbollyl-cobaltate anion from water into chloroform

The bis[undecahydro-7,8-dicarbaundecaborato(2-)]cobaltate(1-) (X-) has been used for complementary study of its ionic associates with some cations of organic bases and quaternary salts. For the optimization of present analytical methods, quinuclidin-3-yl hydroxy(diphenyl)acetate, 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine and cocaine, were studied by competitive extraction method. X- labelled with Co-60 was used as carrier anion, triphenylmethane and azo dyes as competitive anions, The aqueous phase was 0.1 and 0.01 M HCl, the organic phase was chloroform. A comparison was made with earlier results obtained by extraction spectrophotometry.

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